²æ²æµç×ÓÊé > ÎÄѧµç×ÓÊé > ϸ˵Ãñ¹ú´óÎÄÈË >

µÚ15ÕÂ

ϸ˵Ãñ¹ú´óÎÄÈË-µÚ15ÕÂ

С˵£º ϸ˵Ãñ¹ú´óÎÄÈË ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



É£¬ÎÞ´ÊÄѳÉÇú£»ÊýÈËÈõÒ»¸ö£¬½ÌÎÒÈçºÎ²»ÏëËû£¡¡±

1920Ä꣬ÕÔÔªÈÎ×÷¸èÇú¡¶¾¡Á¦Öлª¡·£¬²ÉÓÃÁ˺ÍÉзÅÑæ¿Ú£¨Ò»ÖÖ·ð½Ì·¨Ê£©Ê±³ªµÄµ÷×Ó£¬ÉԼӸı࣬²¢ÅäÒÔºÍÉù¡£

ÕÔÔªÈγ£ËæÊÖÈ¡Éí±ßµÄС¶«Î÷×÷ÀÖÆ÷¡£Ò»´ÎÔÚÇ廪µÄͬÀÖ»áÉÏ£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÈ¡Ê®¶àÖ»²è±­£¬È»ºóÇôòÇãÌýÒôµ÷£¬ÆßÒôµ÷Õýºó£¬ËûÓò豭×à³öÒ»Ê×ÀÖÇú£¬ËÄ×ù½Ô¾ª¡£»¹ÓÐÒ»´ÎÓÎÎ÷ºþ£¬ÔÚÒ»¼ÒľÓãµêÄÚ£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÔÚÿ¸öľÓãÉÏÇÃÒ»¼Ç£¬ºÜ¿ìÑ¡³öÊ®¼¸¸öСľÓ㣬ÒÔ°ëÒôÏà¼ä´Õ³ÉÒ»Ì×ÀÖÆ÷¡£ËûÓÃÕâÌס°Ä¾ÓãÇÙ¡±£¬¿ÉÒÔ×à³ö¸÷ÖÖÀÖÇú¡£

Ò»´Î£¬ÕÔ¼ÒÑç¿Í£¬·¹ºó£¬ÕÔÔªÈβ»ÈðÑÅÌ×Ó¡¢¿ê×ÓºÍÍëÊÕ×ߣ¬ËûÄÃÆðÒ»¸ù¿ê×Ó£¬Ò»¸öÒ»¸öµÄÇ㬴Ӳ;ßÖÐÌô³ödo¡¢re¡¢mi¡¢fa¡¢so¡­¡­µÄÒôÀ´£¬µ«ÕÒÀ´ÕÒÈ¥£¬¾ÍÊDzîÒ»¸öÒôÔõôҲÕÒ²»µ½¡£ÕÔÔªÈÎ̧ͷ¿´¼ûÁ˲£Á§µÆÕÖ£¬Áé»úÒ»¶¯£¬È¡ÏÂÀ´ÇÃÁËһϣ¬ËµÒ²ÇÉ£¬ÕýºÃ²¹ÉÏÁËÕâ¸öȱµÄÒô£¬´ó¼ÒÈ«ÀÖÁË¡£

ÕÔÔªÈεĺ¢×ÓÃÇѧӢÎÄ×Öĸ¡¢¹úÓïÂÞÂí×Ö¡¢×¢Òô·ûºÅµÈ£¬ÕÔÔªÈξͽÌËûÃdzª£¬¸èѧ»áÁË£¬×ÖĸƴÒôÒ²¸ú×Å»áÁË¡£ÑΰµÄֶŮÑîÈôÏÜСʱºòסÔÚÕÔ¼Ò£¬ËýµÚÒ»¸öѧ»áÁ˹úÓïÂÞÂí×Ö£¬ÕÔÔªÈα㽱¸øËýÒ»¶¥Ã±×Ó¡£

ÕÔÔªÈβ»½ö½Ìº¢×ÓÃdzª×ÖĸƴÒô£¬»¹½«¾Å¾Å³Ë·¨±íÆ×ÉÏÇú£¬Èú¢×ÓÃDZ䳪±ß±³¡£Ëû»¹´ÓÅ®¶ùÃǵĿα¾Öе÷³ö¿ÎÎÄ£¬Æ×ÉÏÇú£¬ÅäÉϺÍÉù£¬½Ìº¢×ÓÃdzª¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎÑźÃÒôÀÖ£¬Ò»Éú´´×÷¹ýÒ»°Ù¶à¼þÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·£¬°üÀ¨ÉùÀÖºÍÆ÷ÀÖ¡£ËûºÍËûµÄÅ®¶ùÃÇ£¬Óлú»á±ã¾ÛÔÚÒ»Æð£¬×é³ÉÒ»¸ö¼ÒÍ¥ºÏ³ªÍÅ£¬·ÖÉù²¿µØÁ·Ï°ÑݳªËûµÄÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·¡£

ÔÚÕÔÔªÈεÄÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·ÖУ¬ÓÐÏ൱һ²¿·ÖÊÇΪ¼ÒÍ¥´´×÷µÄ£¬Ëû³£ÎªÅ®¶ùд¸è£¬²¢½ÌËýÃÇÑݳª¡£Á¬ÉÏÓʾּĹҺÅÐÅÅŶӵÄʱ¼ä£¬Ò²²»·Å¹ý¡£Ëû°ÑÐí¶à¸èÇúдÔÚСÎåÏßÆ×±¾×ÓÉÏ£¬ËæÉíЯ´ø£¬Ò»ÓÐÁé¸Ð¾Í½øÐд´×÷Ð޸ġ£ËûµÄ´óÅ®¶ùÕÔÈçÀ¼Ëµ£º¡°ËûµÄÐí¶àÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·£¬¶¼ÊÇÔÚÌêºú×ÓµÄʱºò´´×÷µÄ¡£¡±

1928Ä꣬ÕÔÔªÈγö°æÁË¡¶ÐÂÊ«¸è¼¯¡·£¬ÏôÓÑ÷ÆÀ¼Û˵£º¡°ÕâÊ®Äê³ö°æµÄÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·ÀïÍ·Ó¦¸ÃÒÔÕÔÔªÈÎÏÈÉúËù×÷µÄ¡¶ÐÂÊ«¸è¼¯¡·Îª×îÓмÛÖµ¡£¡±¡°£¨Ëû£©ËäÈ»²»ÊÇÏòÀ´×¨ÃÅÑо¿ÒôÀֵģ¬µ«ÊÇËûÓÐÒôÀÖµÄÌì²Å£¬¾«Ï¸µÄÍ·ÄÔ£¬Î¢ÃîµÄÌý¾õ¡£ËûÄܹ»ÒÔÑо¿ÎïÀíѧ¡¢ÓïÑÔѧµÄÓàϾ£¬×÷³öÕâ±¾SchubertÅɵÄÒÕÊõ¸è£¨Artsong£©³öÀ´£¬ÌæÎÒ¹úÒôÀֽ翪һ¸öмÍÔª¡£¡±Ïô»¹ÔÞÑïÕÔÔªÈÎÊÇ¡°ÖйúµÄÊæ²®ÌØ¡±¡£

¿¹Õ½±¬·¢ºó£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÒ»¼ÒËæ×ÅÀúÊ·ÓïÑÔÑо¿ËùÄÏǨ£¬¶«±¼Î÷ÅÜ£¬¸ÖÇÙ¶ªÁË£¬ÌìºÚÁËҲûÓеçµÆ£¬µ«ËûÃǵļÒÍ¥ºÏ³ªÍÅÈ´Ô½³ªÔ½Æ𾢡£Ò»µ½ÌìºÚ£¬ÕԼҵĺϳªÍžͿªÊ¼³ªÆðÀ´ÁË¡£ÕÔÔªÈεÄÁ½¸öСٶùÄê¼ÍС£¬É¤Òô¼â£¬¾Í³ªÅ®¸ßÒô£»ÕÔÔªÈÎÔò³ªÄеÍÒô£»¶þÅ®¶ùÕÔÐÂÄÇÊÇÅ®ÖÐÒô£»´óÅ®¶ùÕÔÈçÀ¼Ôò²¹ÉϵÚËIJ¿¡£

¡¾ÎÂÍñ¡¿

14ËêÄÇÄ꣬ÕÔÔªÈεĴó¹ÃÆŸæËßËû£¬Ëû¾ÍÒªºÍÒ»¸öÐճµÄÅ®º¢¶©»éÁË£¬ËûÔÚÈÕ¼ÇÉϼÇÔØ˵£º¡°»éÒö²»×ÔÓÉ£¬ÎÒÖÁΪÉËÐÄ¡£¡±ºóÀ´¾­¹ýŬÁ¦£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÖÕÓÚ½â³ýÁË»éÔ¼£¬Ëû¸ßÐ˵Ø˵£º¡°ÎÒºÍÕâ¸öÅ®º¢¶©»éÊ®¶àÄ꣬×îºóÎÒÖÕÓڵõ½×ÔÓÉ¡£¡±ÕÔÔªÈξܻéµÄÀíÓÉÊÇ¡°Å®·½´óÁ½Ëꡱ£¬ºóÀ´ËûÈ´×·Çó±ÈËû´óÈýËê¡¢ÐÔ¸ñåÄÒìµÄÑΰ¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎ×ÔС´ÏÃ÷¡¢ºÃѧ£¬´Ó³õÖб㿪ʼ¼á³Ö¼ÇÈռǡ£ÔÚÄϾ©ÇóѧÆڼ䣬ËûÒ»¶ÈմȾ¶ñÏ°£º³éÑÌ¡¢ÊȾơ¢ÊÖÒù¡£µ«ËûºóÀ´Å¬Á¦¸Ä±ä¶ñÏ°£¬²¢ÒÔ¸¸Ç×ÃüÃûÔ¢Òâ¸æ½ëÃãÀø×Ô¼º£º¡°ÔªÈΣ¬ÈÎÖصÀÔ¶¡£¡±

ÕÔÔªÈÎÔÚÄϾ©¸ßµÈѧÌÃÔ¤¿Æ¶ÁÊéʱ£¬ÓëÕÂÔªÉÆͬѧ£¬ËûÃÇÏ໥ÃãÀø£¬¿Ì¿à¶ÁÊé¡£Òò¶þÈËÎÔ齶¥Í·Ïà½Ó£¬Á½È˱㽫ÕíÍ·ÒÔÉþÁ¬½Ó£¬ÏÈÆð´²ÕßÀ­¶¯ÉþË÷£¬È»ºó¶þÈËͬʱÆð´²£¬µ½²Ù³¡ÉÏÁ·Ï°Ó¢Óï·¢Éù¡£

1920Äê8ÔµÄÒ»Ì죬ÕÔÔªÈÎÔÚÄϾ©Ò»¸öÅóÓѼÒÈÏʶÁËÑ࣬±ã°®ÉÏÁËËý¡£µ±Ê±ÕÔÔªÈÎÕýÔÚΪÂÞËصÄÖйúѲ½²×÷·­Òë¡£Ò»´ÎÂÞËØÔÚʦ´ó½²ÑÝ£¬ÕÔÔªÈγٵ½ÁË£¬ÒòΪÓïÑÔ²»Í¨£¬ÂÞËØÕ¾ÔŲ́ÉÏ´ô×ø×Å£¬ºÁÎÞ°ì·¨¡£ÕÔÔªÈÎ˵£º¡°¿´µ½ÎÒºÍÅ®º¢×Ó½øÀ´£¬ËûµÍÉù¶ÔÎÒ˵£º¡®»µÈË£¬»µÈË£¡¡¯¡£¡±

1927Äê´ºÌ죬ÕÔÔªÈÎÔøµ½½­¡¢ÕãÁ½Ê¡×÷ÎâÓïµ÷²é¡£Ëû¾­³£Ò»ÌìÅÜÁ½¡¢Èý¸öµØ·½£¬±ßµ÷²é±ß¼Ç¼£¬ÕÒ²»µ½ÂùݾͽèËÞÔÚÅ©Ãñ¼ÒÖС£Ò»´Î£¬ËûºÍÖúÊÖÒ¹¼äÓÉÎÞÎý¸Ï»ð³µÈ¥ËÕÖÝ£¬Ö»Âòµ½Ó²°åÒεÄËĵȳµÆ±¡£ÓÉÓÚÌ«Æ£·¦£¬Á½ÈËÉϳµºó±ãÌÉÔÚ³¤°å×ùÉÏ˯×ÅÁË¡£µÈÐÑÀ´Ê±£¬Âú³µÆáºÚ£¬ÍùÍâÒ»¿´£¬²ÅÖªµÀÇ°Ã漸½Ú³µÏáÒÑ¿ª×ߣ¬Õâ½ÚËĵȳµÏá±»ÈÓÏÂÁË¡£ÖúÊÖÎÊËûÔõô°ì£¿Ëû˵£º¡°ÏÖÔÚ·´ÕýÒ²ÕÒ²»µ½Âùݣ¬¾ÍÔÚ³µÉÏ˯µ½ÌìÁÁ°É£¡¡±ÖúÊÖ¼ûËûÉíÌåÐéÈõ£¬È°ËûÿÌìÉÙ¸ãµãµ÷²é£¬ËûڶгµØ˵£º¡°¸ãµ÷²é¾ÍÊÇÒªÐÁ¿àЩ£¬×¥½ôЩ£¬·ñÔòÔÛÃDz»ÄÜÔçµã»Ø¼Òѽ£¡½«À´²»ÊÇÒª¸ü·Ñʱ¼ä£¬Ò²¸üÐÁ¿àÂ𣿡±

ÕÔÔªÈÎÎÞÒâÓÚ×ö¹Ù£¬ËûÓëÑΰ½á»éʱֻ¶ÔÑîÌá³öÒ»¸öÒªÇ󣺱ð±ÆËû×ö¹Ù¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎÒ²²»Ô¸×öÐÐÕþ¹¤×÷£¬Ç廪ÔøÈÃËûµ£ÈÎУ³¤£¬Ëû¶ÏÈ»¾Ü¾ø£¬ºóÂÞ¼ÒÂ×µ£ÈÎÁËÇ廪У³¤¡£

Ò»´Î£¬ÕÔÔªÈδÓÅ·ÖÞµ½ÉϺ££¬µ±Ê±¶«ÄÏ´óѧÕýÄÖѧ³±£¬Ë«·½Ïà³Ö²»Ï£¬¶¼ÏëÈÃ×Ô¼ºÒ»·½µÄÈËÈÎУ³¤£¬¶øÕÔÓëË«·½¹Øϵ¶¼²»´í£¬¹ÊË«·½¶¼ÄܽÓÊÜËûµ±Ð£³¤¡£ÓÚÊÇ£¬ÑîÐÓ·ðºÍºú¸Õ¸´¶þÈËÈÕÒ¹×·×ÅÕÔ£¬ÇëËû³öÈζ«ÄÏ´óѧУ³¤¡£ÏŵÃÕÔÔªÈÎÁ¬Ò¹±±ÉÏ£¬ÌÓµ½±±¾©¡£

ÑîÐÓ·ðÇëÕÔÔªÈʵ½ÖÐÑÐÔº×öÑо¿Ô±£¬ÕÔͬÒâÁË£¬µ«ËûºÍÑîÐÓ·ðÔ¼¶¨²»ÈÎÐÐÕþÖ°Îñ£¬ÑîÐÓ·ðÔòÒªÇóÕÔÓÀ²»Ðí´ÇÖ°£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎЦ˵£¬ÈôÊÇÄãÀÏÐÖ²»×öÁË»òÇéÐαäÁË£¬Ò²²»×¼ÎÒÀëÈ¥Âð£¿Ã»Ïëµ½Ò»Óï³ÉÚߣ¬Ñî²»¾Ã±»ÈË°µÉ±¡£

ÕÔÔªÈʵ½ÖÐÑÐÔº£¬¸µË¹Äê˵ËûÔÚÑо¿ÔºÒ»ÈÕ£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÒ»ÈÕ²»ÄÜÀëÔº£¬ËûÖªµÀÕÔÔªÈβ»×öÐÐÕþÖ°Îñ£¬²»Ï²ÓëÈËÕùȨ£¬ËùÒÔÂÅ´ÎÓÐÈËÌáÒéÈÃÕÔÔªÈÎ×ö×ܸÉÊ£¬¸µË¹Äê×ÜÊÇ×èÖ¹£¬ÒÔÖÁÓÚÓÐÈËÈÏΪ¸µË¹Äê¼µÏͶÊÄÜ£¬²¢ÇÒÓÐЩÈËÉè·¨Àë¼ä¶þÈË¡£Õâ¼þÊÂÑΰÍíÄêд»ØÒä¼ʱ¼ÇÐðÁËÏÂÀ´£¬´Ëʱ¸µË¹ÄêÒѾ­È¥ÊÀ¡£

1946Äê¹úÃñµ³Õþ¸®½ÌÓý²¿³¤Öì¼ÒæèÅĵ籨ÇëÕÔÔªÈγöÈÎÄϾ©ÖÐÑë´óѧУ³¤¡£ÕÔÔªÈλص磺¡°¸É²»ÁË¡£Ð»Ð»£¡¡±ÖìÇëÑΰȰ˵ÕÔ£¬Ñî˵£º¡°ÎÒ´ÓÀ´²»ÒªÔªÈÎ×öÐÐÕþÊ¡£¡±

ÕÔÔªÈκܲ»Ï²»¶´©Àñ·þ¡£ÕÔÔªÈλéºó³õµ½ÃÀ¹úʱ£¬Éú»îºÜÊǼèÄÑ¡£ÕÔÔªÈα㵽¸¾Å®¾ãÀÖ²¿È¥Ñݽ²×¬Íâ¿ìÌù²¹¼ÒÓá£ÔÚÃÀ¹úÑݽ²±ØÐë´©ÍíÀñ·þ£¬ÕÔÔªÈβ»¹ÜÕâЩ£¬Ö±½Ó´©×űã·þÈ¥Ñݽ²¡£¾ãÀÖ²¿Ö÷ϯºÜÊÇΪÄÑ£¬ÔÚ¿ª½²Ç°ÎÊÕÔÒª²»Òª×â¼þÀñ·þ»»Ò»Ï£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎ˵һ¶¨Òª»»ÎҾͲ»½²ÁË¡£Ö÷ϯֻÄܽ«¾ÍËû¡£²»¾Ã£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÒªµ½Å¦Ô¼È¥Ñݽ²£¬´Ë´ÎÑݽ²±ØÐë´©Àñ·þ£¬Ëû¾ÍÖ»ÄÜÔÚÕдýÊÒµÈ×Å£¬ÈÃÅóÓÑÁÙʱ³öÈ¥×âÁËÒ»Ì×À´»»ÉÏ¡£ÕÔÔªÈÎÒ²Ò»Ö±·´¶Ô´©ÍíÀñ·þ£¬Ö»ÓÐÔÚ1946Äê´ú±íÁª½Ì×éÖ¯µ½·¨¹úÈ¥¿ª»á£¬ÎªÁ˹ú¼ÒÐÎÏóÖ»ÄÜ´©²ÅͬÒâ´©ÁË£¬ÆäËûʱ¼äÄܲ»´©Ê±¾Í²»´©£¬×Ô¼ºÒ²´ÓÀ´²»¹ºÖá£

ÕÔÔªÈÎÉú»îÆÓËØ£¬×î²»½²¾¿´©´÷¡£ËûÒ»Ö±×Ô¼º¿ª³µ£¬Âò¶«Î÷£¬×ö·¹£¬²¹Ò·þ£¬Ðí¶à¼ÒÎñʶ¼ÊÇËû¸É¡£Ëû¶¤¿Û×Ó×îÓÐÒâ˼£¬ÓÃÒ»¸ù´óÕë´©ÉÏËĸùÏߣ¬°ÑÏßµÄÁ½¶ËºÏÆðÀ´´òÉϽá¾Í³ÉÁ˰˹ÉÏߣ¬Ö»Ò»Õë¾Í°Ñ¿Û×Ó¶¤ÉÏÁË¡£

¡¾Í¯È¤¡¿

ÕÔÔªÈγöÉúÇ°£¬¸¸Ä¸ÕÒÈËËãÃü£¬Ëã³öÊÇÒªÉú¸öÅ®º¢¡£µÈÕÔÔªÈÎһϵأ¬·¢ÏÖÊǸöÄк¢£¬±ã˵£º¡°°¥Ñ½£¬¸ÒÇ黹ÊǸöС×ÓÄÅ£¡¡±ÓÚÊǸøËûÔúÁ˶ú¶´¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎСʱºòºÍĸÇ×Ò»Æð˯£¬Ò»ÌìÍíÉÏ£¬Ð¡ÕÔÔªÈο´¼ûĸÇ×ÏÈ˯×ÅÁË£¬±ã´ó¿ÞÆðÀ´£¬Ä¸Ç×±»Ëû³³ÐÑ£¬»ÅæÎÊ£º¡°Ê²Ã´Ê£¿ÔõôÀ²£¿¡±ÕԻشð˵£º¡°ÂèÏÈ˯×ÅÁˇª£¡¡±ÕÔ»ØÏëÆðÀ´¾õ×Å×Ô¼ººÜ¿ÉЦ£¬µ«µ±Ê±Ëû¾õ×ÅĸÇ×ÏÈ˯×ÅÁ˾ͺÃÏñÈ«¼Ò¶¼×ßÁË£¬°ÑËûÒ»ÈËÁôÏÂÁËËƵģ¬ºÜÊǹÂÆà¡£

ÕÔÔªÈζùʱ£¬Ã¿µ½¹ýÄ꣬ÕÔ¼Ò×ÜÊÇÕŵƽá²Ê£¬ÕÔÔªÈκÜÊÇ»¶Ï²£¬ÒòΪ×ÜÊÇÓкóԵģ¬»¹¿ÉÒÔ·Å»¨¡¢·Å·çóÝ¡¢ÖÀ÷»×ÓÍ棬²¢ÇÒ²»ÓÃÉÏѧ¡£ËùÒÔÔÚÕÔÔªÈεÄÐÄÀ×ܾõ׏ýÄêÊÇÒ»¼þ´óÊÂÇé¡£ÓÚÊÇËû³£ÅÎÍû׏ýÄ꣬¹ýÍêÄê²ÅÁ½Èý¸öÔ£¬Ëû±ã³³ÄÖ×ÅÎÊĸÇ×£º¡°ÔõôÀϲ»¹ýÄꣿÔõôÀϲ»¹ýÄꣿ¡±Ä¸Ç׺ÜÊÇÆæ¹Ö£º¡°¸Õ¹ýÁËÄꇪ£¬ÔõôÓÖÒª¹ýÄꣿ¡±µÈ¹ýÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä£¬ËûÓÖ¿ªÊ¼³³ÄÖ£º¡°Àϲ»¹ýÄ꣡Àϲ»¹ýÄ꣡¡±

ÕÔÔªÈζùʱϲ»¶ÍæÍ­Ç®£¬Ò»´ÎËû°ÑÈý¸öÇ®º¬µÃ×ìÀ½á¹ûÍ̵½É¤×ÓÀͲ»³öÀ´£¬Ò²Ñʲ»ÏÂÈ¥£¬Ëµ²»³ö»°À´ÁË¡£Ä¸Ç×¼ûËûÁ³¶¼±ïµÄͨºì£¬Ëµ²»³ö»°£¬±ãÎÊËûÔõôÁË£¬ËûÖ¸Ö¸×Ô¼ºµÄɤ×Ó¡£Ä¸Çױ㽫ÊÖÉì½øËûɤ×ÓÀËûÒ»¶ñÐÄ£¬²Å°ÑǮͳöÀ´ÁË¡£

ÕÔÔªÈζùʱϲ»¶¿´³¯Ï¼£¬Ëû³£Ìì²»ÁÁ¾ÍÅÀÆðÀ´£¬Õ¾ÔÚÔº×ÓÀ²»Õ£Ñ۵ض¢×Å¿´£¬¿´×ÅÌ«ÑôÒ»µã¶ùÒ»µã¶ùµÄÏÖ³öÀ´£¬¿´µ½ÑÛ¾¦¶¼»¨ÁË¡£

ÓÐÈËË͸øÕÔÔªÈÎÒ»¸öÈý´ç¶àµÄ·Å´ó¾µ¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˽ÌËûÔõôÓã¬Ëû¾Í×Ô¼ºÑо¿ÔõôÍ棬½«·Å´ó¾µÌù½üÑÛ¾¦Ô¶Ò»Ð©¿´¶«Î÷£¬¶«Î÷¾Í±ä³ÉÁ˵¹µÄÁË£»Ëû½«Ò»Õű¨Ö½¸éµÃ·Å´ó¾µµ×Ï£¬ÄÇЩ¶«Î÷µÄµ¹Ó°×ӾͶ¼³öÏÖÔÚ±¨Ö½ÉÏ£»ËûÓÖ¸úÂÀүѧÀ´Ó÷Ŵó¾µÈ¡»ðµÄ·½·¨£¬Ñ§µ½ºó±ãµ½´¦ÉÕ¶«Î÷Í棬ÐÒºÃû´³³öʲô»öÀ´¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎСʱºòϲ»¶¿´À×Ó꣬ϲ»¶¿´ÉÁµç£¬¸üϲ»¶Ï´óÓꡣÿ´ÎÏÂÓ꣬Ժ×ÓÀïÓÐÒ»µãʪ£¬Ëû¾ÍÅÎÍû×ÅÄÇË®¿ìµã¶ù»ýÆðÀ´£¬µ½ÂúÔº×Ó¶¼ÊÇË®¿´²»¼ûµØ¾ÍºÃÁË¡£Ëûϲ»¶Ë¯ÔÚ±»ÎÑÀïÌýÍâÍ·´òÀ×ÏÂÓ꣬×ܾõ×ÅÍâÍ·Ô½ÊÇÓÖʪÓÖÁ¹£¬ËûÔÚ±»ÎѶùÀï¾Í˯µÄÓÖ¸ÉÓÖůºÍ¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎСʱºò³£°á¼Ò£¬¿´¼Ò´óÈËÕûÀíÊÕÊ°¶«Î÷£¬ËûÒ²±ãÕûÀí×Ô¼ºµÄС¶«Î÷¡£ºóÀ´±ãÑø³ÉÁËÏ°¹ß£¬Ï²»¶¸ø¶«Î÷¹éÀà¡£ÔÚ¹úÍâÁôѧʱ£¬ÕÔÔªÈÎÔøÏëÄÿÆѧ·ÖÀà×÷ËûµÄÂÛÎÄÌâÄ¿£¬µ«ÀÏʦÈôÒÁ˼£¨JosiahRoyce£©ËµÕâÌâÄ¿Ì«¿ÝÔ²Å×÷°Õ¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎ˵£º¡°ÎÒÎåËêµÄʱºò¶ù˵һÖÖ²»¶¥´¿ÕýµÄ¾©»°£¬ËµÒ»ÖֵصÀµÄ½­ËÕ³£Êì»°£¬¿ÉÊÇÄîÊé¾ÍÖ»»áÓý­ËÕ³£ÖÝÒôÄî¡£¡±

ÕÔÔªÈζùʱ¶ÁÊ飬½«ÃèºìÉϵľä×ÓÊÇ¡°Ê¥ÉÏ°®Ò»·òÖ®Á¦£¬Ï§Ê®¼ÒÖ®²ú¡¢Éî±Õ¹Ì¾Ó£¬Î´¿Ï¡­¡­¡±¶Á³ÉÈý×Ö¾­ËƵľäʽ£º¡°Ê¥ÉÏ°®£¬Ò»·òÖ®£¬Á¦Ï§Ê®£¬¼ÒÖ®²ú£¬Éî±Õ¹Ì£¬¾Óδ¿Ï£¬¡­¡­¡±

Ò»´Î£¬¾Õ»¨¿ªµÄÕýºÃ£¬ÕÔÔªÈκͼÒÈËÒ»ÆðÄþջ¨×öÌâÒ÷Ê«£¬Ëû¿ªÍ·¶ùµÚÒ»¾ä¾Íд£º¡°ÂúÌþջ¨Ïã¡£¡±ÕԵĴó½ã˵£º¡°ÄãÍ·Ò»¾ä¾Í°Ñ»°¶¼ËµÍêÁˇª£¡ÄãµÃÂýÂý¶ùµÄ˵ѽ£¡¡±ÓÚÊÇÕÔÔªÈξ͸ijɣº¡°ÓÐÈËÀ´¿´»¨£¬»¨¿ªÕóÕóÏã¡­¡­¡±Ëû¼ÇµÃÊ«ÖÐÓÐÒ»¾ä¡°·ç¶¯Ò»¿ªÕÅ¡±£¬¾õµÃÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ´óÈ˸øËû¸ÄµÄ£¬²»ÏñÊÇËû»áдµÄ¾ä×Ó¡£

ÕÔÔªÈΰËËêÊǵÚÒ»´Î×ø´¬£¬´ÓÌì½òµ½ÉϺ££¬²»Ô䬵Äʱºò£¬Ëûϲ»¶ÔÚº£ÉÏ¿´ÈÕ³ö¿´Ííϼ¿´À×Óê¿´ÉÁµç£¬¾õµÃÔÚº£ÉÏ¿´µÄ±ÈÔÚµØÉϵĺÿ´¡£ÓÐʱºòËûÕ¾ÔÚ´¬±ß¿´µÃÈëÁËÃÔ£¬ÉíÉÏÈÃÀË»¨½¦ÊªÁË£¬»òÊDZ»äû½øÀ´µÄÓê¸øåªÊªÁËÒ²²»¹Ü£¬µÈ´óÈ˽ÐÁ˺ü¸±é²Å»Øµ½·¿²ÕÀï¡£

ÕÔÔªÈζùʱ×îϲ»¶Èý·¿Ê幫µÄôŮٯ¹Ã£¬Ëû˵Ëû¼¸ºõ°®ÉÏÁËËý£¬´óÈËÃÇ´òÂ齫µÄʱºò£¬Ëû»á¼·ÔÚËýÉíÅÔ¿´×ÅËý´òÅÆ¡£ËûÑÛ¾¦ÓÐ벡µÄʱºò£¬Ëý×ÜÊÇÔÚ˯ǰ¸øÕÔÔªÈεã×îºóÒ»´ÎÒ©Ë®¡£

¡¾ÒÝÊ¡¿

ÕÔÔªÈÎÉÙÄêʱ°®ºÃ¿Æѧ£¬ÐËȤ¹ã·º£¬Ëû¶ùʱ¾Í¶¯ÊÖÖÆ×÷¼òÒ׵ĵ绰£»ÉÏѧʱ£¬Ëû¶¯ÊÖÖÆ×÷ÍûÔ¶¾µºÍÏÔ΢¾µ£»ÓÃʳÑκͱù¹÷»ìºÏ´ïµ½ÁãÏÂ20¶ÈµÄζȣ»²¢°ëҹȥ¹Û²ìåçÐÇ¡£

ÕÔÔªÈÎÔøÔÚ´ó½ã·ò¼ÒºÍÈ˱ÈÈü³Ô½È×Ó£¬Ò»¿ÚÆø³ÔÁËËÄÊ®¸ö£¬µ«´ú¼ÛÊÇÁ¬×Ų¡ÁËÎåÌì¡£

ÕÔÔªÈθ°ÃÀÁôѧǰ£¬ÐèÒª¼ôµô±è×Ó£¬¼ô±èʱ£¬Àí·¢Ê¦ÎÊÁËËûÁ½´Î£¬ÒÔ±ãÈ·¶¨ÕÔÊDz»ÊÇÒªÄÇô×ö¡£ÔÚÁôѧÉú¸°ÃÀÇ°£¬ÃÀ¹ú×ÜÁìʾÙÐÐÔ°ÓλᣬÑçÇëËûÃÇ¡£Ëû¿´µ½ÕÔÔªÈεÈÈ˸Ļ»ÒÂןó˵£º¡°ÄãÃÇÈ«»»Î÷×°£»Ï£ÍûÄãÃÇÈÔΪÖйúÈË¡£¡±

ÕÔÔªÈÎÔÚÄϾ©¶ÁÊéʱ£¬×íÐÄ

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ